Russia and Its Decision to Enter World War I Essay -- History, Geopoli

Did Russia’s diplomatic issues influence their decision in entering World War One? A. Plan of Investigation This investigation assesses how Russia’s Government and people influenced their country’s decision in entering World War One. On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Sophie Ferdinand were assassinated by alleged Serbian Black Hand Terrorists. The assassination caused world turmoil. People and Countries saw Ferdinand’s death as an opportunity to invade and overcome new territories to claim as their own. Russia’s involvement was greatly influenced by the previous and occurring problems with the Czars, its people and its economic ties. Two sources used in this essay: The First World War, compiled by John Keegan and History of Russia: a Brilliant Chronicle of Russian History from its Ancient Beginning to Present Day by John Lawrence are then evaluated for their origins, purpose, values and limitations. B. Summary of Evidence Prior to World War One, Russia lost their naval port, Vladivostok, to the Japanese during the Russian Japanese war; putting a huge strain on the already struggling government. During this time, Nicholas II ruled as a Czar of Russia. During his reign, Russia’s rich prevailed greatly, while the poor starved and went to war. The rich believed â€Å"The people have the need for potatoes but not for the least of the constitution† they stood strong in the belief that the illiterate agriculturalists should have no say in their government, but also strongly considered that â€Å"Russia could not be ruled effectively unless the tsar took at least a part of the nation into partnership.† In 1904, the prices of basic good increased, while the real wages declined a little over twenty percent. Within the... ...wed that even though the Czar was in control, he needed the people in order to rule and to keep the Russian economy thriving. It proved he was just one very corrupt man. And furthermore, it set new laws protecting the people from the Czar himself. Without this, Nicholas may not have thought he needed to spread and show his people the power they possessed; Russia itself may not have entered World War One. Works Cited Keegan, John. The First World War. New York, Simon & Schuster, 1992. Lawrence, John. A History of Russia: A Brilliant Chronicles of Russian History from its Ancient Beginning to the Present Day. New York: Penguin Books, 1993. â€Å"The Ottoman Empire enters WWI on the side of the Central Powers 1914† thenagain.info (April 21,1997) Westwood, J.N. Endurance and Endeavor Russian History 1812-1986. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. Russia and Its Decision to Enter World War I Essay -- History, Geopoli Did Russia’s diplomatic issues influence their decision in entering World War One? A. Plan of Investigation This investigation assesses how Russia’s Government and people influenced their country’s decision in entering World War One. On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Sophie Ferdinand were assassinated by alleged Serbian Black Hand Terrorists. The assassination caused world turmoil. People and Countries saw Ferdinand’s death as an opportunity to invade and overcome new territories to claim as their own. Russia’s involvement was greatly influenced by the previous and occurring problems with the Czars, its people and its economic ties. Two sources used in this essay: The First World War, compiled by John Keegan and History of Russia: a Brilliant Chronicle of Russian History from its Ancient Beginning to Present Day by John Lawrence are then evaluated for their origins, purpose, values and limitations. B. Summary of Evidence Prior to World War One, Russia lost their naval port, Vladivostok, to the Japanese during the Russian Japanese war; putting a huge strain on the already struggling government. During this time, Nicholas II ruled as a Czar of Russia. During his reign, Russia’s rich prevailed greatly, while the poor starved and went to war. The rich believed â€Å"The people have the need for potatoes but not for the least of the constitution† they stood strong in the belief that the illiterate agriculturalists should have no say in their government, but also strongly considered that â€Å"Russia could not be ruled effectively unless the tsar took at least a part of the nation into partnership.† In 1904, the prices of basic good increased, while the real wages declined a little over twenty percent. Within the... ...wed that even though the Czar was in control, he needed the people in order to rule and to keep the Russian economy thriving. It proved he was just one very corrupt man. And furthermore, it set new laws protecting the people from the Czar himself. Without this, Nicholas may not have thought he needed to spread and show his people the power they possessed; Russia itself may not have entered World War One. Works Cited Keegan, John. The First World War. New York, Simon & Schuster, 1992. Lawrence, John. A History of Russia: A Brilliant Chronicles of Russian History from its Ancient Beginning to the Present Day. New York: Penguin Books, 1993. â€Å"The Ottoman Empire enters WWI on the side of the Central Powers 1914† thenagain.info (April 21,1997) Westwood, J.N. Endurance and Endeavor Russian History 1812-1986. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

Comparative Study Between Ulysess and My Last Duchess Essay

Have a little read: †¦ Comparing ‘Ulysses’ by Lord Tennyson and ‘My Last Duchess’ by Robert Browning. â€Å"Ulysses† was written by Lord Tennyson and is a poem about a mythical Greek character and is a dramatic monologue. Another poem that is a dramatic monologue is â€Å"My Last Duchess†, by Robert Browning. Both poems are similar, for example they are both structured similarly, and are both different, one difference being their subject. In this essay I will compare the two poems, focusing on form, and how language helps to build up subject matter. Ulysses is a Greek mythical character, and was famous for being a pirate, ransacking villages and being a warrior. In Greek literature, Ulysses just seemed to disappear after he got home, and Tennyson decided to write about Ulysses and his thoughts after ‘retiring’ from fighting. The poem is written in verse, and seems to be either a dramatic monologue or monologue interior. It is hard to know which one, as a dramatic monologue must have a listener (other than the audience. Ulysses is talking to someone, his dead soldiers, but as they are deceased it is difficult to decide if they count as a listener to the poem. My Last Duchess† by Robert Browning was written in the same era as â€Å"Ulysses† and is written in Verse. This poem is different to â€Å"Ulysses† as this poem is about a fictional character which is created by Browning. This is a Dramatic Monologue, as the duke (the character created by Browning) is talking to the servant of the father of a possible bride. To create the effect of speech, Browning uses Iambic Pentameter, which helps to imitate the rhythm of conversational speech, and enjambment frequently. The use of language to present the subject matter is important for both poets. In Ulysses, the poet builds up a picture of the characters inactiveness by using words such as â€Å"still†, â€Å"dull† and â€Å"pause†. These adjectives create an understanding of what life is like for Ulysses, and this is then contrasted with words of his past such as â€Å"roaming†, â€Å"ringing† and â€Å"windy†. These words create a contrast between the activeness of the past, and the stillness of the present. This helps the reader imagine what life was like for the character when he was young.

When I Was Searching For A Book To Review, After Several

When I was searching for a book to review, after several tries I came across this book and I was intrigued, because it was related in what career I wanted to do in the future. Since I am planning on working in a healthcare profession, I hoped this book would have benefitted me in a way that I could use these skills in real life. Working in a healthcare environment is something that I have always wanted to do. One of the skills that I hope to achieve the most is self-awareness, because working in a health profession can be stressful and can have an impact on other relationships. This book has two authors that I believe are credible because both have experience in the health care profession. One if the authors is Elaine Donnelly, who†¦show more content†¦(Pavord and Donnelly, 2). These values can benefit me going into the health profession in a way to better communicate with another colleague and or patient. For example, whenever I go with my brothers to go to the doctor, she tends to be compassionate and care for them in a way for my brothers to trust them and feel comfortable to tell them what is actually going on. A skill that I learned from reading this book is the usage of verbal and nonverbal communications. In verbal communication within a health profession is that one must be careful of the way something is being said because the other person may interpret the wrong way and can lead to something that is the opposite. With is being said, â€Å"if we start to create rules about how to communicate we are in danger of taking away the natural, warm, and genuine way that people communicate with those in their care† (Pavord and Donnelly, 40). Having the natural, warm, and genuine way we speak with people can be beneficial in a sense that one should comply with the 6 C’s that was stated. Regardless if we know the person or not we should not make a prediction of what someone is feeling or doing, but instead one should ask a simple non-objecting question in a way that is simple and bold. Within verbal and nonverbal communications lies paralanguage which means the way we speak with tone, pitch, rhythm, and timing (Pavord and Donnelly, 44). Paralanguage is important because the way I may say something in aShow MoreRelatedWho Stole My Cheese831 Words   |  4 PagesBook: Who Moved My Cheese? [pic] By: Spencer Johnson, M.D. Who Moved My Cheese is a book about the different ways people handle change in their life. The story begins as a group of friends meet after their high school reunion. The group was discussing how so many things have changed since high school, and then one of the young men in the group, began to tell a story about change that everyone could relate to. The story contains four fictional characters; Sniff and Scurry are mice, HemRead MoreThe Little Seagull Handbook, By Richard Bullock856 Words   |  4 Pagesfall. Personally, I have the most difficulty with conclusions, transitions, and comma usage. To address these issues I conducted research and found three effective sources; The Little seagull Handbook, Smart-words.org, and grammar.ccc.commnet.edu. These three sources assisted me in improving each of my three skills, which I struggle with. The Little Seagull Handbook, by Richard Bullock, Michal Brody, and Francine Weinberg, is a book full of advice on the writing process. The book is divided up intoRead MoreIdentifying The Connection Between Families And Identify Of The Family Communicate With One Another1164 Words   |  5 Pagesconnection between families and identify how members of the family communicate with one another. There are several types of genograms that created for many reasons such as ethical, career, and sexual. This genogram helps an individual map out the connection of their contextual history with their framework. My experience of creating a genogram was an amazing feeling and it helped me discover several factors that occur in life as an adult. The interview with mom helps me to identify a lot of unknown featuresRead MoreIdentifying The Connection Between Families And Identify How Members Of The Family Communicate With One Another1252 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween families and identify how members of the family communicate with one another. There are several types of genograms that are created for many reasons such as ethical, career, and sexual. These genograms help an individual map out the connection of their contextual history and developmental framework. My experience of creating a genogram was an amazing feeling and it helped me discover several factors that occur in my life as an adult. The interview with mom helps me to identify a lot of unknownRead MoreThe Life of Paulo Coelho1274 Words   |  5 Pageshas written many popular works in these past few decades. He is most notably known for The Alchemist, which was written in 1988. The Alchemist was â€Å"one of the greatest best-sellers of all times† (Kaaki). During his lifetime, Coelho went through many obstacles; the most notable event was getting an electrical shock when he was in a mental institution and getting placed into prison. He was able to move past all of these difficulties and became a well-known author praised for his artistic creativityRead MoreOutline Of A Business Plan1617 Words   |  7 Pagesscrapbooking company. After searching the internet and social media, I have not come across a reputable company that will offer the same services as Happy Scrappy. Most companies will create photo books or send readymade scrap books in which customers will have to add in photos themselves. 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Back to HomepageRead MoreHamiltons Curse Book Review1464 Words   |  6 PagesBook Review: Hamilton’s Curse: How Jefferson’s Arch Enemy Betrayed the American Revolution- and what it means for America Today What kind of country is the United States of America? Is it really the land of the free or are the Americans controlled by an imperial presidency? Is America peaceful and prosperous? Is it possible to identify the source of America’s economic problems? Some people have a clear picture of how things really are; while others are never able to see the entire scope ofRead MoreThe Contents Of Act 1 - Gi Wook Song1057 Words   |  5 Pagesme to try it. I have changed my lifestyle a lot, after I read this book. In the next my own lists, I added my understanding and changed the order. 1. Defining actors (tasks). This is not in the book (own list), but the concept is from the book. For more effective use of my limited brain resources, I have to define my takes that I’m facing. 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Components Of Energy Supply Chain - 1383 Words

Introduction Components of energy supply chain The Energy Supply Chain comprises of three broad components including energy commodity, network services, and retail services. Energy commodity refers to the examples of available energy sources in the economy. The USA relies on petroleum, gas and electricity power sources to drive the other critical infrastructures. The authorities oversee the distribution of power using secure network services. The interconnected supply channels of power involve extracting energy from production and storage points for the purpose of sharing it among end users. Also, such linkages represent metering and billing for the usage. Finally, the retail services are the end point of the supply chain that reaches the consumers while managing price risks in the supply chain. Therefore, retailers control the interplay of supply and demand on behalf of all the supply chain participants. Participants The government’s concern, through the Office of the President, is to streamline flaws in the energy supply chain through regulating market players in the supply process. An energy supplier must hold a certificate of amount after a rigorous vetting process by Energy Regulators in the State. The FBI and the Homeland Security have access to certification qualification of suppliers in the energy sector. The contributors include electricity generators, gas producers, transmission network service providers, distribution network service providers, retailers andShow MoreRelatedEnergy Scene : Global Warming, Reserve Depletion, Security Concerns And The Rising Energy Prices1314 Words   |  6 PagesENERGY SCENE OVERVIEW Oil and gas energies are considered nowadays the main drivers of the economic growth and development in a global level. Oil consumption has witnessed an exponential growth since the 1900’s, where it was first discovered. 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The speed of producing items (production rate) impacts GHG emissions generation in manufacturing, i.e. usually faster production results in more emissions, which is controllable in many cases. The production rate also affects the process qualityRead MoreDell Level 5/Level 4 Manufacturing978 Words   |  4 Pagesseparate transportation cost (3) US transportation cost are cost required to transport the motherboard from the U.S. to the SLC and to the 3rd-party integrator (4) inventory holding cost at SLC (5) Local integration cost to integrate two separate components. After this it is needed that after the motherboard within the chassis after integration returns to the 3rd-party. 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The resilience of energy supply chain by Luca Urciuoli, Sangeeta Mohanty, Juha Hintsa and Else Gerine Boekesteijn Accepted on 24 September,2013 takes in account how various companies take preventions against supply chain disruptions or security threats and how they manage their supply chain in case a disruption occurs, it also exchanges views on European unionRead MoreDesign for Riordan Manufacturing1115 Words   |  5 Pages scrap materials, energy waste, etc. Mold fabrication department produces mold required for manufacturing custom pieces according to the design supplied by the R amp; D department in San Jose, CA. Third-party vendor supplies the customized fabric pieces if Georgia or China plants manufacture designs. Mold fabrication department applies the grinding, cutting or etching operation for creating processed metals. The waste materials from p rocess are scrapped material, oils, energy, etc in which hazardous

Alexander Graham Bell A Short Biography Essay - 1636 Words

Alexander Graham Bell: A Short Biography Upon hearing the name Alexander Graham Bell, we remember the inventor of the telephone. However, Alexander was much more than just the inventor of the telephone. As a matter of fact he was an audiologist. His family was the leading authorities in elocution and speech correction. He had improved and carried on his families business, along with his brothers. Alexander had created the phone at an early age among inventors- only 29. Later in his career Bell has worked on a variety of inventions and all inventions have become successful. Bell experimented with electrically reproducing sounds. Much of Bells career was devoted to education of the deaf and to production of electronic devices to help†¦show more content†¦He adopted the name Graham at the age of 11 when he met a family friend from Cuba with the name Graham. With the permission of his father he adopted Graham as a middle name to distinguish himself from the rest of the family. Alexander Graham Bell’s childhood was filled with imagination, and most of them to do with what he heard. He thought whatever he heard was what anything even what an inanimate object had to say. Alexander sat with his dog, laughing at the remark he heard coming from the dogs mouth. Ow ah oo ga ma ma, but Alexanders imaginative ears swore he heard the dog say, How are you grandmamma? To create the sound Alexander moved the dogs voice box around to cause vibrations, which make the speaking-like sounds with the movement of the jaw. This was a major influence on Alexanders life yet to come. After studying sound waves, Bell and his to brothers made a machine that sounded so realistic that people actually thought the Bells had a newborn. He could even massage his dog’s vocal cords to say, How are you, grandma? by pushing on his mouth and vocal cords. His young childhood imagination came through. He was always interested in sound and at a young age he learned to play the piano- a very common instrument. He also had a love for science and at elementary school in Scotland he began observing and dissecting animals. He experimented with his dog byShow MoreRelatedThe Library Tab On The Bucks County Community College Website1833 Words   |  8 Pagesarticle seems to educate children on the history of the telephone. I chose this article because it was a short general summary on the history of the telephone and about Alexander Grah am Bell. This article did not provide all the details I needed for my paper but was good overview of information I could use in my paper. The next article I used was also from EBSCOhost called â€Å"Thank You, Mr. Bell† by Brian Croft. Croft is a consultant of the Towers Perrin in Toronto. The article was published by WorkforceRead MoreThomas Edison Biography1828 Words   |  8 Pagescollege lectures and became fascinated on the ideas of â€Å"multiplexing,† which ultimately were the beginning stages of the telephone (Guthridge 98). During this time, Edison acquainted himself with Benjamin Bredding, a young, future assistant to Alexander Graham Bell and the brain behind many of his inventions. Bredding â€Å"provided Thomas with the detailed introduction and understanding of the state-of-the-art of the harmonograph and the multiplex transmitter† (Beals). Edison soon was in debt and close toRead MoreThe Story of My Life1693 Words   |  7 Pagesauthor’s life, as it was written when she was still a college student. It is, however, a unique account of one young woman’s passage from almost total despair to success in a world mostly populated by hearing and seeing people. This book is relatively short, but the modern editions also include letters written by and to Helen Keller and an analysis of her education from a later standpoint. The Story of My Life begins with Keller’s vague memories of early childhood. She was born in 1880 in Alabama, anRead MoreFiber Optic Communication Essay2723 Words   |  11 Pagesthe Laser Beam. The Light Emitting Diodes (LED) are characteristically extremely cheap. Additionally, they produce pure light that is of the required wavelength. LEDs, therefore, are used for short distance and low powerapplications like local area networks. This means that LEDs are extremely suitable for short distances and speeds of up to 100Mb/sec. Of all the light produced by these diodes, only about 1% is considered useful for the cable. This is regarded as good enough and suitable for the smallRead MoreBiography Maria Montessori2366 Words   |  10 PagesChiaravalle, Italy on August 31, 1870. Though most of the information on Marias childhood seems to be uncertain, with disagreeing dates, contradictions and omissions, I found a majority of the information about her childhood in Maria Montessor i: A Biography by Rita Kramer (1976). Her father was Alessandro Montessori who was an old fashioned gentleman of conservative temper and military habits. (Kramer, 1976, p. 22). He was a soldier in his youth and a civil servant later in life. Her mother was aRead MoreMaria Montessori Her Life and Work5375 Words   |  22 Pagesher medical training, why, where, etc? ïÆ'Ëœ When she was ready to graduate she was very drawn to the study of biological sciences her family were shocked to say the least but her father was very disapproving of her desire to study medicine he stopped short of forbidding her to continue with this idea. ïÆ'Ëœ Maria first checked with the University of Rome and spoke to â€Å"Dr Guido Bacelli the head of the board of education†. Dr Bacelli explained to her in no uncertain terms that her desire to study medicineRead MoreAmerican Revolution and Study Guide Essay example5377 Words   |  22 PagesExplain why they continued to arrive to America. (10pts) 2. Assess the extent to which the Great Awakening, an intensely religious movement, contributed to the development of separation between church and state in America. (10pts) 3. Identify the short-term and long-term consequences of the American colonists seeking foreign markets for their exports? (10pts) 4. Write your definition of democracy. The use this definition to create a T-chart to analyze the validity of democracy developing in colonialRead MoreTheories of Organizational Behavior10512 Words   |  43 Pagesbroader set of relationships, some inside the organization and some across the organization’s borders. A diverse set of modern management theories pays homage to Follett on this point. Chester Barnard Chester Barnard, who was president of New Jersey Bell Telephone Company, introduced the idea of the informal organization — cliques (exclusive groups of people) that naturally form within a company. He felt that these informal organizations provided necessary and vital communication functions for theRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesto ideas that are developed within the chapter. The chapter so far These are provided at key points in the chapter. They provide the reader with a summary of the issues that have been covered in the chapter and a link with the next part. Biography These are designed to provide a brief intellectual history of key figures in organization theory. They provide an indication of the ways in which different theorists . xvi Preface developed their understanding of organization and socialRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesstock price excludes information that is privately held by the Wrm that may be informative about the manager’s performance. Third, as has been demonstrated in the last few years, management can inXuence stock price, 32 BAIMAN at least in the short term, through earnings manipulations.18 These are all important reasons to question a total reliance on stock-based performance measurement and compensation for management. Contract theory-based analysis provides a more subtle and more general argument

Depth Scales Free Essays

16. 7 Depth Scales * Explain what is meant by a â€Å"hypnotic depth scale. † * Give examples and explain the issues relating to the use of depth scales When discussing the topic of hypnotic depth they are referring to how ‘deep’ the subject is/can go into hypnosis and what is possible at that perceived level of depth. We will write a custom essay sample on Depth Scales or any similar topic only for you Order Now If you do the research you will find lots of different scales of depth, here I have taken the scale from the coursework provided by Adam Eason School of Therapeutic Hypnosis which upon research appears to originally come from Harry Arons, 1961 1. Hypnoidal – heavy muscle and relaxed nerves – drowsiness – awareness (got out of bed feeling). 2. Light hypnosis – physical response to suggestions – mind focused on suggestions – reacts to arm, etc. rigidity. 3. Medium Hypnosis – deeply relaxed – subject will not speak unless asked – unable to perform actions unless asked to do move arm – rise from chair – move head. 4. Profound Hypnosis (deep hypnosis) – partial amnesia when awakened – posthypnotic suggestions can be submitted – numbing parts of the body (ANALGESIA). 5. Somnambulism – total amnesia and anaesthesia is possible – age regression is possible – positive hallucinations possible. . Profound Somnambulism – removal of programmed information – posthypnotic suggestions – most all suggestions are carried out without questions. Often referred to as a coma state! Difficult to get out of this state – may need to bribe unconscious mind (you will not be allowed o experience this again unless†¦) Now, in 1961, the above scale may have seemed perfectly accurate and as time passes, more and more discoveries are being made about hypnosis and one of those discoveries is that some, if not all of the intended suggestions can easily be obtained at a lower level of depth or lighter trance as is suggested. For instance, amnesia and ideomotor suggestions can take place within light hypnosis and I also know this personally from experiencing this myself from both being a subject and a facilitator of hypnosis. There have also been many scales of susceptibility created to test suggestibility within the ‘depth’ of hypnosis or trance that the subject is in. One particularly scale is the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale created in 1938 which created 3 forms, A, B and C on which consisted of varying levels of tests to be given to the subject. The below list is the example of form A 1 Postural Sway 2 Eye Closure 3 Hand Lowering (left) Immobilisation (right arm) 5 Finger Lock 6 Arm Rigidity (left arm) 7 Hands Moving Together 8 Verbal Inhibition (name) 9 Hallucination (fly) 10 Eye Catalepsy 11 Post-hypnotic (changes chairs) 12 Amnesia There are many more of these scales available for research but I have shown the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale as a prime example of what they consist of. A big issue with the depth scale is does really exist? Are there really levels of hypnosis? I cannot prove it either way, but in therapy, do we need to, If the client believes through our suggestion that they are going deeper, then isn’t real to them. How to cite Depth Scales, Papers

Australian Taxation Practical Introduction -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Australian Taxation Practical Introduction? Answer: Introducation Fringe benefits have been defined by Brownlee (2016) as an added advantage given by the employer which comes along with the money wage and salary gained by the employees as the compensation for their services. A few typical examples of a fringe benefit are a car provided to the employee or additional health care cost of the employee borne by the employer. A fringe benefit tax results out of a fringe benefit. This tax is calculated separate to income tax for a period of 1st April to 31st March. The provisions of the Fringe benefits Tax assessment Act 1986 provide rules to determine the Taxable value of fringe benefits. Any benefit which is additional to the basic salary of the employee provided by the employer is to be considered as a fringe benefit as also discussed by the judge in the case of John Holland Group Pty Ltd Anor v. Commissioner of Taxation [2015] FCAFC 82. The FBTAA through sub-section 7(1) set out provisions towards a car fringe benefit. According to the section a car is considered as fringe benefit if it is given by the employer and is held by the employee for a private use purpose or if the purpose for which the car has been given is a private use purpose. It is irrelevant whether the car is put to private use by the employee or any person associated with them (Morgan Mortimer and Pinto 2013). The FBTAA through section 9 sets out provisions for calculating the taxable value of fringe benefit of the car by a process which is called statutory formula method. Under this process the cars cost is required for the calculation. No consideration is provided under the process to the public or private use of the car by the employee or his associates. The FBTAA through sub-section 10A and 10B sets out provisions for calculating the taxable value of fringe benefit of the car under a process called the operating cost method. The cars operating cost is required for calculation of tax under this process. Contrary to the statutory method the private and public use of the car is separately considered for calculation under this method (Oestreich and Keane 2016). The statutory rate is used for the purpose of multiplication with the cost of the car to derive the fringe benefit tax. The present statutory rate subsequent to the budget of 2011 for all cars is 20%. The FBTAA through subsection 11(1) states that to calculate the deemed depreciation a rate of 25% needs to be applied. Subsection 11(2) states that to calculate the deemed interest a statutory rate of 5.65% need to be applied. The methods yielding the lower value is used for the purpose of tax computation (Finkelstein 2014). Application of relevant law In the given situation it has been stated that Charlie works as an employee of shiny homes Pty Ltd. The employer provided the employee with 4 wheel drive sedan valued at $70,000 on 1st September. This means that the car is a fringe benefit. Thus the computation of fringe benefit tax is to be done under statutory and operating cost method. It can been seen in the situation that the formula which provides a lower value of fringe benefit tax is the statutory formula and as per the above discussed legal provisions this method has to be considered for taxable value of car fringe benefit. It has been provided in the case study that Charlie had parked the car his garage in the evening and subsequently in a private parking. Thus under FBTAA section 39 A as the parking is not done in a place owned by the employer it is not liable for car parking fringe benefit tax. However the employer is liable to pay tax in relation to the accommodation provided to the employee for honeymoon purpose. In the case study it has been provided that Allan and Betty want to change their house and thus they have sold their Melbourne home and bought a large house in central Victoria. As there is no profit involved in this case there is no chance of any income tax implications (Schenk 2016). Bettys income as a part time accountant and Allans income as a locum doctor is liable under section 6.5 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 to be considered for tax calculation (Pyrmont 2014). The popularity with Allan has among is client makes him receive scones and cakes as a token of appreciation addition to his fee. However as these items do not have market value they are not considered for income tax assessment. However as the wine which Allan has received is worth $360 it is liable to be assessed for income tax under ITAA 1997. According to Pope (2016) a hobby is a leisure or pastime activity which is carried out in a spare time for pleasure or recreation. However a business activity is as a whole commercial in nature and has the intention of making profit. There are certain indicators which have been provided by taxation rulingTR 79/11 used to differentiate between a hobby and a business. These are as follows Whether the purpose or character of the activity is significantly commercial Whether there is more than just intention to indulge in the business by the person Whether the purpose of the purpose is to make profit and there is a prospect of profit in the activity Whether there is regularity and repetition involved in the activity Whether the activity is similar to a hobby or a business activity Whether the activity is planned and organization so that it can make money Whether the activity is described better as a hobby These provisions had been discussed by the court in the case of Vartuli v. Chief Commissioner of State Revenue (NSW) [2015] NSWCA 372 where the court held that any activity for the purpose of making profit is a business. As per Jones v Federal Commissioner of Taxation - [1963] HCA 17 when a hobby turns into a business the profit derived from it are considered under Income tax assessment. It has been provided in the situation that the hobby of Betty of making Marmalade has turned into a business as she now has the intention of making profit. In addition the activity is subjected to repetition and recurrence. Thus the profit made by her would be assessed for the purpose of computing income tax under ITAA 1997. According to the Australian Taxation office, Trade exchanges and Barter System is subjected to same GST and tax implications which are imposed on any other regular credit or cash transactions. These provisions are also discussed through the case of Sterling Guardian Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation - [2006] FCAFC 12. Thus the barter system which has been entered upon by Betty and Allan is subjected to have the same implications as any credit or cash transaction under GST and ITAA. References Brownlee, W.E., 2016.Federal Taxation in Australia. Cambridge University Press. Finkelstein, M., 2014. Cases on Federal Taxation (Book Review). Fringe Benefit Tax Assessment Act 1986 (Cth) Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Cth) John Holland Group Pty Ltd Anor v. Commissioner of Taxation [2015] FCAFC 82. Jones v Federal Commissioner of Taxation - [1963] HCA 17 Morgan, A., Mortimer, C. and Pinto, D. 2013.A practical introduction to Australian taxation law. North Ryde [N.S.W.]: CCH Australia Oestreich, N. and Keane, M., 2016. ACCTG 503 Federal Taxation of Individuals. Pope, T.R., 2016.Pearson's Federal Taxation: 2017 Comprehensive. Prentice Hall. Pyrmont, 2014 NSW Australian Taxation Law Cases. Thomson Reuters. Schenk, D.H., 2016.Federal Taxation of S Corporations. Law Journal Press. Sterling Guardian Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation - [2006] FCAFC 12. Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C. and Pinto, D. 2014 (n.d.).Australian taxation law.