Biography of Louise Nevelson, American Sculptor

Life story of Louise Nevelson, American Sculptor Louise Nevelson was an American stone carver most popular for her great monochromatic three-dimensional framework developments. Before an amazing finish, she was met with much basic praise. She is recollected through numerous changeless open craftsmanship establishments all through the U.S., including New York City’s Louise Nevelson Plaza on Maiden Lane in the Financial District and Philadelphias Bicentennial Dawn, made in 1976 out of appreciation for the bicentennial of the marking of the Declaration of Independence. Quick Facts: Louise Nevelson Occupation: Artist and sculptorBorn: September 23, 1899 in present-day Kiev, UkraineDied: April 17, 1988 in New York City, New YorkEducation: Art Students League of New YorkKnown For: Monumental sculptural works and open craftsmanship establishments Early Life Louise Nevelson was conceived Louise Berliawsky in 1899 in Kiev, at that point some portion of Russia. At four years old, Louise, her mom, and her kin set sail for America, where her dad had just settled himself. On the excursion, Louise fell wiped out and was isolated in Liverpool. Through her ridiculousness, she reviews distinctive recollections which she refers to as basic to her work on, including racks of dynamic confections in containers. Despite the fact that she was just four at that point, Nevelson’s conviction that she was to be a craftsman was available at a surprisingly youthful age, a fantasy from which she never wandered. Louise and her family settled in Rockland, Maine, where her dad turned into an effective contractual worker. Her father’s occupation made it simple for a youthful Louise to connect with material, getting bits of wood and metal from her father’s workshop and utilizing it to build little models. In spite of the fact that she started her profession as a painter and fiddled with etchings, she would come back to mold in her develop work, and it is for these models that she is most popular. Despite the fact that her dad was an achievement in Rockland, Nevelson consistently felt like the untouchable in the Maine town, outstandingly scarred by the prohibition she endured dependent on her stature and, probably, her outside causes. (She was skipper of the b-ball group, yet this didn't help her odds at being delegated Lobster Queen, a qualification granted the most wonderful young lady around.) Though her dad was known around Rockland because of his expert exercises, Nevelson’s mother detached herself, once in a while associating with her individual neighbors. This scarcely could have helped youthful Louise and her kin conform to life in the United States. The sentiment of distinction and estrangement drove youthful Nevelson to run away to New York using any and all means conceivable (an excursion that reflects fairly a masterful way of thinking, as she has been cited as saying, â€Å"If you need to go to Washington, you jump on a plane. Somebody needs to take you there, however its your voyage†). The implies that introduced itself was a hurried proposition from Charles Nevelson, who youthful Louise had just met a bunch of times. She wedded Charles in 1922, and later the couple had a child, Myron. Propelling Her Career In New York, Nevelson joined up with the Art Students League, yet family life was disrupting to her. In 1931, she got away once more, this time without her better half and child. Nevelson surrendered her recently printed family-never to come back to her marriage-and left for Munich, where she concentrated with the renowned craftsmanship instructor and painter Hans Hoffman. (Hoffman would himself in the long run move to the United States and show an age of American painters, maybe the most compelling workmanship instructor of the 1950s and 60s. Nevelson’s early acknowledgment of his significance just strengthens her vision as a craftsman.) <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/LYxELNWibRrHeq4KHKwF5xV-Yoc=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-3133420-5b896606c9e77c005717e12c.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/njLUcD3rrvWx5BbbeMMo__CxJWc=/1407x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-3133420-5b896606c9e77c005717e12c.jpg 1407w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/ol8fNLbRVT8jtOSvRHqJ4wAgoKo=/2514x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-3133420-5b896606c9e77c005717e12c.jpg 2514w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/GCfN4s45Yyetarczr_DOiBgFwbg=/4728x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-3133420-5b896606c9e77c005717e12c.jpg 4728w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Ykyi89g3xBNC8NvfjxKeYVaQhyo=/4728x3594/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-3133420-5b896606c9e77c005717e12c.jpg src=//:0 alt=Louise Nevelson with her work during the 1950s class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-17 information following container=true /> Louise Nevelson with her work during the 1950s.  Getty Images Subsequent to following Hoffman to New York, Nevelson in the long run worked under the Mexican painter Diego Rivera as a muralist. Back in New York, she settled in a brownstone on 30th Street, which was filled to overflowing with her work. As Hilton Kramer composed of a visit to her studio, â€Å"It was positively not normal for anything one had ever observed or envisioned. Its inside appeared to have been deprived of everything...that may occupy consideration from the figures that jam-packed each space, involved each divider, and on the double filled and baffled the eye any place it turned. Divisions between the rooms appeared to break down in an unending sculptural condition. At the hour of Kramer’s visit, Nevelson’s work was not selling, and she was frequently by her shows at the Grand Central Moderns Gallery, which didn't sell a solitary piece. By and by, her productive yield means that her solitary determination a conviction held since youth that she was intended to be an artist. Persona Louise Nevelson the lady was maybe more notable than Louise Nevelson the craftsman. She was acclaimed for her erratic angle, consolidating sensational styles, hues, and surfaces in her dress balance by a broad assortment of adornments. She wore counterfeit eyelashes and headscarves that stressed her skinny face, causing her to seem, by all accounts, to be to some degree a spiritualist. This portrayal isn't conflicting with her work, which she talked about with a component of riddle, as though it showed up from a different universe. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/_dgFQ2sgFF3cNEEzHw_eT8R2Wew=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-488070521-5b896449c9e77c008205a859.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/qwzy34VMFDutIAx_qPaQP_V6jMw=/834x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-488070521-5b896449c9e77c008205a859.jpg 834w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/fRa-PBedrcuSG8RXbAa8R2hcQGo=/1368x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-488070521-5b896449c9e77c008205a859.jpg 1368w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/m4sYjYKHmnpD3hZOtXaJzRi8Ge8=/2436x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-488070521-5b896449c9e77c008205a859.jpg 2436w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/L5psZcZU902J6kHXGwi4y-eU-rU=/3652x2436/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-488070521-5b896449c9e77c008205a859.jpg src=//:0 alt=Louise Nevelson in the offbeat outfit she was known for, shot in her New York studio in 1974. class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-27 information following container=true /> Louise Nevelson in the unconventional outfit she was known for, captured in her New York studio in 1974. Jack Mitchell/Getty Images Work and Legacy Louise Nevelson’s work is profoundly conspicuous for its predictable shading and style. Regularly in wood or metal, Nevelson fundamentally floated towards the shading dark not for its serious tone, however for its manifesting of congruity and forever. [B]lack implies totality, it implies contains all†¦ in the event that I talk about it consistently for a mind-blowing remainder, I wouldn’t finish what it truly implies, Nevelson said of her decision. In spite of the fact that she would likewise work with whites and golds, she is predictable in the monochrome idea of her figure. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/ - 8fz2BaX8uoNOyODIuj3tkqnyAU=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/unique figure by-louise-nevelson-640473255-5b8accd646e0fb0025d08e63.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/ipILjrJWjXT0WwOhKnEBpZ65R-8=/407x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/conceptual model by-louise-nevelson-640473255-5b8accd646e0fb0025d08e63.jpg 407w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/kQ2rO1CujXjlfhNDSSA3h-J8kQM=/514x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/theoretical figure by-louise-nevelson-640473255-5b8accd646e0fb0025d08e63.jpg 514w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Fk0FH7euroMV_C7BqW0RAhCRZuI=/731x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/dynamic figure by-louise-nevelson-640473255-5b8accd646e0fb0025d08e63.jpg 731w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/C7E2fDLkIrUH64vRg8ZLt7K6obk=/1024x731/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/conceptual figure by-louise-nevelson-640473255-5b8accd646e0fb0025d08e63.jpg src=//:0 alt=Abstract Sculpture by Louise Nevelson class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-31 information following container=true /> A typically monochrome conceptual model by Nevelson. Corbis/VCG by means of Getty Images/Getty Images The essential works of her profession were displayed in exhibitions as â€Å"environments†: multi-form establishments which filled in general, gathered under a solitary title, among them â€Å"The Royal Voyage,† â€Å"Moon Garden One,â�

Cyp development free essay sample

Clarify the variables that should be considered while evaluating improvement. 1. 3 Explain the choice of the appraisal strategies utilized Assessing youngsters and youthful people groups needs must be done delicately and precisely. There are various variables to be thought of. * Confidentiality and assent * Childrens wishes and emotions * Ethnic, etymological and social foundation * Disability or explicit necessities * Reliability of data * Avoiding inclination * Open and shut chronicle strategies Mixing techniques for perception, method, methods of assortment When evaluating a kid you should be mindful so as to consider privacy before completing a perception you should have guardians and the settings consent and not to leave private material lying around they should be made sure about in a bolted bureau. Just converse with approved individual about private material. This secretly must be broken when a kid is at genuine hazard. When doing perceptions you should assess the childâ€⠄¢s wishes and emotions in the event that a kid is disturbed or needs you to stop, at that point you should stop. We will compose a custom article test on Cyp improvement or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Ethnic, social and etymological foundations when we asses a kid we should consider as these can assume significant jobs in how the youngsters demonstrations and the comprehension of the words being utilized. Incapacity or explicit necessities should be considered when completing any evaluation/perception or a kid can be thought little of and the perception will be problematic. Unwavering quality of data nobody can get an exact image of advancement if the data isn't precise this can hurt the child’s improvement and the belittling of their latent capacity. With perception we should comprehend the confinements of each kind of perception strategy. Keeping away from inclination while watching kids we should remain totally objective likewise having 2 individuals watching the youngster simultaneously can deliver an increasingly exact record. I think it’s extremely critical to watch a kid in a scope of various setting and conditions, so as to increase a comprehensive image of their capacities and necessities. This would be at home or in their instruction setting. Watching them separately, inside a peaceful domain yet additionally in a bigger gathering to perceive how they adapt to other kids. Likewise watching them inside a free play action is to check whether they can move themselves around various exercises or stall out in one spot. We can watch their characteristic advantages, the social correspondence, comprehension of language, eating and drinking and their fine and gross engine aptitudes, tangible abilities, conduct. Perceptions should archive what the kid has accomplished not what they have neglected to do. A few professionals like to make observational notes in a scratch pad and to sort out these into composed perceptions later. This framework can offer a significant open door for reflection. In any case, specialists should make preparations for spending extensive stretches revising a lot of material. Short perceptions recorded straight onto white clingy names are handily moved into singular profiles and can spare a great deal of time. A perception configuration may incorporate areas, for example, * Name: This ought to incorporate the family name where first names are copied in the setting; * Date: Day, month and year. It might likewise be suitable to incorporate the time or span; * Context: Adult-drove? Youngster started? Free? Working with/close by other youngsters? Which region of arrangement? * Key region of learning; * Adults perception; * Child’s remarks these can offer an exceptionally valuable, further knowledge into learning. Perceptions of kid improvement can be recorded in: * Written records to record subtleties of what the youngster does and says, and all the more significantly how the kid does and talks. * Audio tape accounts to record subtleties of communicated in language, manner of speaking and different sounds. * Video accounts to record subtleties of what is seen and known about the childs advancement. Perception procedures Diverse perception strategies help to center the perception so fitting information is gathered and introduced in significant manners. * Anecdotal This is a composed account that recounts to the story as it occurs. Perceptions can be of arranged exercises, yet unconstrained perceptions can show amazing things about a childs advancement that may never be seen. * Schedules It is useful to look into the region of advancement before watching. A pre-arranged improvement agenda assists with centering the perception, however can be restricted except if singular subtleties are recorded. Diagrams and Pictograms Charts and pictures can introduce perception information in bright manners to cause your portfolio to show up all the more intriguing. * Time testing Observations of kids are recorded at fixed ordinary interims of time to note what's going on at that point. For instance childrens play during a morning can be recorded at regular intervals. * Event inspecting Observations center around sp ecific occasions to develop an example of a childs conduct over a time of days or weeks. For instance to find what incites fits of rage, or how a youngster responds to leaving their carer toward the beginning of every day in nursery. * Target kid A progression of perceptions to give an image of an individual childs all encompassing turn of events. An infant will change quickly during your time in position and a longitudinal investigation of a childs improvement more than a while is intriguing. 2. 3 Explain the significance of an individual focused and comprehensive methodology and give instances of how this is actualized in own work. The significance of an individual focused and comprehensive methodology is your taking a gander at the individual youngster and the requirements of that kid. By working in an individual focused, comprehensive we’re are taking a gander at the entire individual, their capacities, qualities, premiums and learning style, just as any adapting needs or incapacities. The national system for Every Child Matters (Children’s Act 2004) was set up to help youngsters or youngsters to guarantee the signing up of administrations to guarantee that every individual accomplishes the five Every kid Matters Outcomes which offer help to kids to empower them to be; * Healthy. Remain safe. * Enjoy and accomplish. * Make a positive commitment. * Achieve monetary prosperity. My setting works with numerous outside organizations all together that the individual kid has set up all they should be remembered for all parts of the school day. We include a few youngsters inside our school who have vari ous requirements and they are evaluated independently so they can be given the right assets or 1:1 help with the goal for them to accomplish their own individual objectives. A few youngsters will have an Individual Education Plan (IEP) which will set out what they intend to accomplish inside a set time period with help (Teaching Assistants or our setting presented the key individual framework at gathering classes) other kids may require the school grounds to be adjusted we have adjusted our school all together for the kid to get entrance around the school ground so things like slopes set up and cleanliness suit. A few kids will require expert hardware to help with their instruction and improvement anything from enormous consoles to lifts. It’s about the requirements of the individual youngster; a few kids may require the action adjusted to empower them to partake. Plans that include supporting an individual ought to be centered around their necessities and interests and any place conceivable we ought to include them in the arranging procedure. Children’s wishes ought to be considered during dynamic to give them a feeling of having a place and not with be caused to feel just as its them who’s to fault. This ought to be done in a delicate way and they ought to be tuned in to and used to discover how they are feeling and what they might want. In some cases in spite of the fact that not all the time little youngsters may even be engaged with increasingly significant issues including their own assurance, this can be troublesome if a kid is youthful or if a kid has hindrances that stop them imparting. A kid focused methodology permits the kid, youngster to think, understanding, investigate, address and investigate for answers toward play that they wish to encounter as opposed to me coordinating play. By being individual focused and comprehensive I’m not prohibitive, yet I take into consideration learning openings that suit the youngster since I plan and target set with them. This makes a closer match between the youngster and the educational program, permitting them to learn and create at their own level and expand on their insight. 3. 1 Explain the highlights of a domain or administration that advances the improvement of youngsters and youngsters. Our outside and indoor play zones are animating and alluring to youngsters to urge them to utilize their faculties to learn, there are a lot of play openings gave. We keep the territories fascinating and outwardly engaging. We are very much arranged and sorted out around the youngsters, we have territories which challenge, keep children’s interests, and address children’s issues , as each kid is one of a kind they have their own needs, character and interests these are arranged and composed for. There are, arranged and unconstrained plays water, sand, batter, paint, books, pretend, development, net engine play space sit amp; rides, climbing outlines, ball games, table top zones, includes on dividers windows, racking, show sheets, banners, includes on roofs mobiles, drapery rails, can territory sinks, cleanliness items, for example, cleanser and air hands drier. Every one of these regions give chances to play and learning, and supports childrens improvement in development amp; rest. EYFS expects settings to customize the action and play open doors for youngsters in manners which are comprehensive. Making us consider what is a

The Furniture Industry and finance - Free Essay Example

From the last many years globalization has caused a vast impact on many industries. UK furniture industry also changed a lot with such a globalization trend. The addition of the technology and the changes in interior designing boosted the furniture business to a greater degree. Moreover, the globalization increased the choice for a consumer and the market started to be more competitive as earlier. (Drayse 2008) Jools Furniture Industries Ltd The overall growth rate and the position in market seem to be of a reputable level. The companys overall performance regarding business growth gives a positive impression. But on the other hand the vision of the chair person appears to be much conservative. The chair person is much interested in profitability rather then expansion and the quality and the scenario show that his emphasis on ROI is much more than any other thing. The group structure The company owns different divisions. According to the case study, the head office holds the control of the business. The centralized policy of the business has some favorable and some inauspicious effects on business activates. Some of these are pointed out as follow. Advantages As all the major decisions take place from head office so in such a way polices and strategies can be followed more strongly. Supplies can be purchased in bulk to cut down the overall cost. Work will be carried in best interest of the business rather then a department. Much effective control can be implemented. No need to employ professionals for every department in every division. Disadvantages Contrary to above advantages there are also many disadvantages. Employees motivational level suffers a lot. Specialties regarding different fields and division are over looked. Communication differences cause a great hurdle in the business development and will lead to sub-optimization. There will also be a lack of understanding the needs of different departments/divisions. (Ebig 2004) The Financial Fact Its true that the financial statements are fully loaded with lot of numbers. It is quite difficult to get the performance review in a glance over different statements. Different ratios are the major tools to get more information about the business efficiency and to evaluate different scenarios. (Tracy 2008) Many different ratios can be used to assess overall business performance. Some of them are as follow; I have split Profit or Loss Statement and Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet) into two parts for better understanding and making relation between different ratios. The Revenue Growth It has been seen that a business needs some time to get consistency and gain market share. The performance of the overall business can be judged by its sales growth. As time passes organization tries to make much good relations with its customers, which causes sales growth. (Coker 2000)Â   The department wise %age of overall sales growth as compare to previous years is as follow. Division/Year 2008 2009 Quality Product Increase of 12.62% Increase of 9.78 Kitchen Increase of 10.45% Decrease of 3.98 Bedrooms Decrease of 7.5% Decrease of 6.16% Office Increase of 11.71% Increase of 12.44% The quality product divisions consistency seems down in 2009 as compared to year 2008. There may be a number of reasons behind such consistency decline. Export is also a major part of total sales revenue which remained low in 2009 as was in 2008. That may be the major reason in departmental sales decline. The Kitchens division sale is showing some adverse affects in 2009. As per case study the division is maintained under an old mill which may not be able to fulfill the markets requirements. The investment proposal by managing director of kitchen department may contribute up to some extent to generate some great business. Technology always adds some value to overall business performance. The constant decline in the sales turnover may be because of lacking of technological expertise. Turnover from office division is rising consistently. There may be number of reasons behind it. The managing director seems to be a sharp shooter of sales. Even not having any share in export, the departments overall performance regarding sales turnover is remarkable. COGS/Revenue Ratio and Other Expense Cost of goods sale is the direct cost incurred by a business to make sales. Higher the cost of the material, the larger will be the sales turnover required to meet the business activities. The cost also changes with the adopted method to mange the inventory system. (Clyde, Stickney, Roman, Schipper 2009) The ratios between COGS and Revenue are as follow. Division/Year 2007 2008 2009 Quality Product 61.09% 59.55% 58.63% Kitchen 60.78% 63.80% 62.39% Bedrooms 73.63% 68.56% 70.22% Office 61.10% 66.36% 63.03% Except quality product division, there is no other division with uniform behaviors towards direct cost and sales ratio. If we compare the COGS and revenue ratios we come to know that the bedroom division, even with a consistency in its direct cost, makes unfavorable sales in last two years. All the other direct cost lies between 58 to 63 percent of their revenue. But the bedroom division is consuming more than the other divisions. Other expenses are the major cause behind decline in divisions profitability. It consists of many different expenses of administrative and operational nature that affects the profitability of the organization. (Eisen 2007) It has been observed that in the office department, the expenses are more than 24% in 2009 as compare to previous year. On the other hand, the increase in sales re venue is about 12%. This shows twice the expense incurred as compared to the revenue. The amount of depreciation seems to be lower. Hence the expenses that incurred may be of administrative or marketing nature. Vice versa, the expenses in bedroom division fall by 11% approximately, but the sales revenue also suffered greatly. The non cash item like depreciation seems to be of constant value. In kitchen division, an almost constant expense with an even much less staff is quiet stunning. On the other hand the sales also decrease by approximately 4%, which may indicate cost cutting in the marketing side. No new fixed asset added up, hence depreciation is quiet lower then of previous year. Revenue/Employee Ratio The ratio will be a tool to determine the link between sales revenue and the staff acquired to incur that much revenue. It is the simplest tool to evaluate the performance of a department using men power. (OCED 2001) Each employee of Quality and Office division is earning more than 50k for the business. Whereas the kitchen department is going too good as the revenue earned is of about 89k per employee. The worst situation came to knowledge about bedroom department, the department has not only incurred a straight decline in sales revenue but its overall R/E ratio is also in its worst position. The division is earning 24k /employee. According to the audit management letter, it has been noticed that the department is also involved in releasing salaries of those who have been retired. The control objectives should be fulfilled to overcome such issues. It shows the carelessness of accounts department and the payroll (HR) department as well. Interest/Profit Ratio For the firms it is most important to cover the interest within its profits. If the company fails to pay the interest, it may endanger its further survival. Short term liabilities and paying off interest should be the top most priority of an organization. The interest/ profit seem to be of an acceptable level for all the divisions of Jools Furniture Ltd. The second major point to remember is that most of the time the divisions are financed internally. The level of interest is not of much considerable value in Jools Ltd, but the organization must utilize the financing facility to maximize its profitability. It has been notified that highly geared organizations earn more as compare to low gearing organizations; however, the risk involved to that organization is insolvency. ROCE Return on Capital employed is one of the most concerning ratio for a company from the shareholders point of view. This ratio indicates the performance of a company with regard to converting the shareholders investment into profits for them. The ratio is calculated by diving the earning before interest and tax by the total equity of the company. This ratio is one of the most important indicator of profitability and the efficiency of a company to generate profits. (Sinha 2009). Jools Ltds ROCE ratio has increased from 14% during the year 2008 to 15% in 2009. This increase in the ratio is mainly due to the increase in the return generated by the company which is greater in extent when compared with the increasing equity in the business. This is good sign but yet the return is only 15% which ca be improved by a better management of non performing sections of the company. The Liquidity Ratios These ratios can find the current position of any organization. The overall current holding which can be converted into cash at any time can be measure through these ratios. (Brigham2007) The two Current and Quick Acid Test ratios of the company are as follows. The over all current ratio of company seems to be very good. The ratio is about 1.5 which is satisfactory. The company should utilize the gearing facility to invest more to earn higher returns. The quick ratio for the organization is about 67%. The bedroom division and the kitchen division stocks too much inventory in WIP which should be well controlled. It can only be controlled by an efficient labor force when WIP is kept at its lowest level. Conclusion The ratios discussed above show an impact of weak financial management. The finance director must be much vigilant about investing the cash. The major point which has come to mind is the usage of gearing. Finance director should utilize the option of short term or even long term liabilities to get some better returns. The level of long term liability has remained at an almost constant level which indicates that the company has got a potential to generate funds through long term financing and solve some of the operational problems. Therefore the over all financial performance of the company is not quite satisfactory. There are also some incidents of fraud reported which further make the situation worse for the company. The divisional control over different aspects seems to be of low quality. The control regarding inventory should be improved. The receivable balances in bedroom department are depicting abnormality and should be considered. The current facility from vendors side sh ould also be revised. The bed room divisions list of balances regarding trade receivables and payable must be reconciled with list of their balances. The eventually increasing figures of expenses are also of great concerns and should be among top considerations. The managing director of bedroom division is also near his retirement age. He also considers that he is unable to implement control objectives. The presence of such a person in the senior position of the company is a question mark which needs to be answered immediately. The situation, circumstances and the financial figures are truly substantial and strong measures should be taken to avoid any possibility of future failure. Jools needs to address the management issues in the company to allow its future survival and sustainability. Task2 Role of an Accountant Now-a-days accountants are not only the persons to make good calculations. The era has converted many professionals towards much professionalism. With the passage of time the role and the responsibilities of the accountants also changed very much. Accountants are now further divided into different branches. A professional accountant is one engaged in different activities related to different areas of a business. The major concerns of an accountant are regarding the inflows and out flows of the company. An account attracts a trust from the business holders. They are responsible for any fraud or similar anomalies within a business. (Brooks, Dunn 2009) Management accounting is also one of vast field and important part of accounting. The accountants contribute well towards the accomplishment of the business plans and targets. Different types of tasks are performed by accountants like reporting and budgeting and making different forecasts. If a company owes a vigilant accountant who und erstands all his responsibilities and duties, that companys overall risk dwindles. The rapid changes in business need the accountant to be more efficient. Accountants are key players behind business development. Accountants serve a business in many different ways like, auditing, cost controlling, management and many other specialized areas. This shows the need and the responsibility level of an accountant towards the organization. (Lehman 1995) The Role of Finance Director The department of the finance is the major part of a company which contributes towards the short term as well as long term success of the business. There are many key functions which should be performed by finance department. Some of the foremost function and key responsibilities are discussed below to highlight the role of the finance director towards business. Finance department is not only concerned to finance related matters, but the team is also involved in many other administrative and business activities like fulfillment of tax returns, making financials and reporting time to time to asses the overall performance and efficiency of the business. All these activities can be performed efficient only because of an observant finance director. Control and Governance is the major risk towards the survival of any organizations. Directors are appointed to keep the control and to run the organization according to the companys polices. Finance director is a key player in maintain ing the control and finding any fraudulent activity in the business. Control or governance is not only tracing frauds but it also demands directors to implement the strong control procedures, which should be followed by the others. Cost Controlling is one of the major activities that must be managed well by finance director. A loss making organization can survive in a society, whereas the organization that runs short of money cant. Finance director is responsible to take reasonable measures to overcome wealth problems towards the organization. Internal Control must be well governed by the finance department. The finance director and his team are responsible for each and every flaw in control environment. Finance director is one who is the financial policy maker and makes the control environment strong. Reporting to external stakeholders is one of the major responsibilities of finance department. The finance manger of the organization should be well aware of all the changes and up gradations in the accounting terminology. The accounts should be maintained following GAAP. All the reports must ne following the applicable or international accounting systems. The above mentioned are the most important areas to be controlled by a finance director. The above mentioned responsibilities show that the finance division is the most complex but task oriented department in the organization. If the manger or the director directs his team well, the department will definitely contribute positively towards achieving business objectives. On the other hand if the finance department loses the control over things, then the survival of the business may become a question mark. The Fiduciary Duty of Directorship It is a fiduciary duty of director to represent the whole organization. He must take all the decisions in best interest of the organization. The director is not supposed to have any personal interests in any of the companys decision making. Good directors know their limits and powers very well. If a director thinks himself to be not suitable for company he must immediately backup instead of going further. Director is responsible to direct a company and if the director is unable to do so, the company ends up to failure. The Corporate Code of Governance require the presence of non-executive directors in the board of directors but, Jools is currently not having NED in its board. The company should be aware of the consequences of this matter. Finance Director of Jools Furniture Industries Ltd David Green, the finance director of Jools is qualified chartered accountant. He is a full member of the board of directors of the company. The information states that there is no divisional finance director and therefore David Green is assumed to have all the responsibilities regarding the financial matters of the company. David is practicing an autonomous role in the financial management of Jill, and therefore there is a communication gap between him and the lower level of staff as there is no intermediary in between. It can be noted that the company has a large amount as current assets. This means that the inventory level is high as well as other liquid items such as cash and cash equivalents are not utilized properly. The company has been facing issues to generate revenue in the bedroom department. Since a finance director is in a role to control all such matters, the performance of David is not appearing satisfactory here. A constant increase is seen in the expenses of t he company over the years and the trend is almost same in almost all the departments of the company. The increasing expense figure is indicating a poor management by the finance director. As one of the major responsibilities of a finance director is to ensure the profitability of the company, this role is not being fulfilled by David as the expenses do not seem to be under his control. It should be noted that David has to deal with all the divisions of the company alone as he is the only finance director of the company with no directors at the divisional level, therefore a huge burden of work can be a major reason for not performing well in managing the financial matters of the company. Although the revenue is in a constant increase when a comparison of the three years is made, yet the expenses are increasing with a larger pace and overcoming the increasing revenue. Therefore looking at the overall scenario, it can be said that the financial matters are not being managed prope rly and there is a huge risk that such a scenario can lead to future problems for the company. Jools should consider the likely impact of the outcomes if the situation is not addressed properly. The board including the Finance director should assess that how the financial performance of the company can be proved. Before continuing further, the first step that the board of director should do is to follow the requirements of Code of Ethics and Conduct and appoint the required level of Non Executive Directors at the board to ensure that the laws are complied. Although this may become a further burden over the companys expenditure, yet the role played by NEDs can contribute very positively in the best interest of Jools. The presence of Non Executive Directors will ensure a just and reasonable strategy towards the management of problems in existence in the company and also reduce the possibilities of fraud and miss management. The audit management report has also highlighted some p roblems with the financial matters of the company. It has been noted that the inventory has been reported stolen, which indicates that the controls are not strong in the inventory management department and a part of its responsibility falls on the shoulders of the finance director who is responsible to ensure the proper working of all the finance related departments. The audit report also shows that the payroll department is also not functioning properly. The incidents of fraud are also reported in that department too. This is a very serious issue which has to be answered by the finance director who has the direct responsibility over that departments functioning. The sales ledger also have shown a five moths outdated balance which is another indication of fraud going on in the company and the finance director is unaware of the issues. As the information states that David is not accustomed to the business environment of Jessi and thereof it should be noted that his non satisfac tory performance can be due to the same reason. Although David is a qualified person but as per the information provided, he is not suitable for the furniture industry environment and therefore his presence in the board as well as in the company should be evaluated. However, it should also be noted that besides the problems, the finance directors has shown some satisfactory performances as well. He has maintained the liquidity position at a good rate and ensured that the liquidity performance of the company is not compromised. The return on capital for the company has increased from a level of 14% to 15 % from year 2008 to 2009. Although the total increase is very small yet there is an increase. The company has been able to generate a 9% extra earning before interst during the year 2009 as compared to the last year. Furthermore, David has allowed Jools to expand its operations by effectively managing the companys financial needs. Therefore if there are several problems with th e performance of the finance director, there is positive performance as well. Thus the professional expertise of the finance director cannot be questioned and the only problem is the one that the scenario itself identifies that David does not have flair to the Jools business. However, this reason is not enough to justify the malfunctions and frauds being detected in the departments under his direct control. It should be noted that a Finance director is not only responsible for the management profitability and revenue, but also responsible for the decision making related to the sources of finances and their suitability to the company. Moreover, a finance director is also responsible for the management of the control processes in the financial department of the company to ensure that the financial management related processes are operating effectively and according to the required standards. Recommendations There are several fraud detections and other serious issues present in the accounting and finance departments performance. These issues can only be solved by introducing finance directors at the divisional levels of the company and allowing them a full autonomy to oversee the departments take actions to control the issue present. The other solution is to review the presence of David as the finance director as the company can definitely find better candidates for the position who are not only equally qualified and experienced but also have flair to Jools business environment. The other most important step that Jools has to take to ensure the prevention of fraud and other anomalies in the company is to appoint Non Executive Directors in the company and abide the applied laws over it. The presence of NEDs will not only add professional expertise in the company but will also add an independent body to ensure that the shareholders interests are secured and given the prime importance in the company. Finance Director cannot be assumed to owe all the responsibility towards the presence of fraud in the company but the other directors including the managing director have an equal responsibility for it as well. Task 3 Prospects of Investment Proposal The data submitted for the investment proposal to the board shows a positive prospect about its future outcome. The project is expected to earn an NPV of pound;500,000 over 6 years duration. This project is to support the growth strategy of the company and to uphold its future sustainability in the market. Although there is a positive NPV of pound;500,000, yet it should be kept in mind that the project is having a probability of only 25% to get break even. Loan as a Source of Finance The decision to implement the above investment proposal is highly dependant upon the availability of finance. Finance is one of the major limiting factors for any organization. The directors of the company have requested the board to raise a pound; 1.8 m loan to finance the proposed project. However, the board needs to look upon the implications of securing a loan before accepting the request and also carefully evaluate the use of other sources of finance which the company can use to raise finance. (Hall 2010-A) Advantages of Loan as a Source of Finance The major advantage that a loan has is the quick availability of it. Any company can raise a loan through any lending organization as far as it can place a security against the amount. This quick availability of loan makes it the most widely used source of finance. The other advantage that a loan has as a source of finance is the flexibility in the repayment options. The company can negotiate a loan based on its suitability and dependant upon its stream of income. A loan can be generated easily as there are a lot of lending companies offering to give a loan to companies. Another advantage of using loan as a source of funding is the amount which a loan can offer. It has been seen that the lending organizations can lend as much as a company requires, however only if an equally valued security is deposited against it. (Hall 2010-B) Disdvantages of Loan as a Source of Finance Besides the above advantages, loan has a lot of disadvantages associated with it as well. The biggest disadvantage is the interest payment that often becomes a headache for the companies to pay. An interest is actually the payment for using the facility of loan and if its unpaid, it attracts further interest on the amount unpaid, therefore, making loan a costly source of finance. The other great disadvantage associated with a loan is the security which has to be placed against it. Arranging a security often becomes an issue for small to medium sized companies, who usually need loans more to fund their operations as compared to a large entity. Placing a security is also difficult because the lending institution often demand a liquid item to be secured over the loan. The other negative impact of a loan can be seen of the financial analysis of it. A company surviving majorly over loan financing, depicts a high gearing ratio and this high gearing ratio discourages potential shareholder s to invest in the companys shares. Moreover, loans can also decrease the profitability of the company, thus leaving a smaller amount for the companies to pay their shareholders. (Hall 2010-C) Other Alternative Sources of Finance There are a lot of other alternatives to raise finance other than using a loan. Two of them are listed below; Fund Raising through Stock Market One of the major sources of finance for companies is the stock market, where they can trade their shares as a commodity and raise funds for their needs. Companies can issue shares to attract buyers and raise finance by selling those shares to them. The cost of issuing shares is usually the administrative expenses associated with the share issuance and payable to the brokers, however a company needs to be registered on a stack market in order to get involved in stock market trading. Moreover, the issuance of shares depends highly upon the current position of the company with respect to its financial performance and also the present estimates and forecasts of its future performance. Share holders are interested to invest their money in a company which can offer them a steady income as well as a security of their investment. The only security that a shareholder can get is the great future prospects of a company as no physical security is required in this case. (Hall 2010-D) Therefo re, Jools Furniture Industries Ltd can use this source of finance for raising the money required by the kitchen department for creating the new operations. Sale and Leaseback of Assets to generate finance A very important source of finance for companies is its own assets. Instead of securing an asset with a bank or any other lending company, and getting itself involved with paying high amounts of interests, while bounded to follow the restrictions to use the secured asset applied by the lending company, a company can enter a sale and lease back agreement and generate the funds. A sale and Lease back arrangement is where a company sells an asset to someone with an agreement that the asset will be used by the company, but a rent will be paid for that usage. The company retains the unrestricted use of the asset as well as gets an immediate finance for its needs. The only disadvantage associated with this source of finance is the amount of rent payable to the purchase. Furthermore, the asset gets off the companys balance sheet as it no more remains to be an asset of it. (Hall 2010-E) Recommendation Although Jools Furniture Industries Ltd is seeking a loan as a source of finance, but the above analysis shows that there are better alternatives available for it. If the company is registered with a stock exchange, it can issue shares and get the funds needed. However, if a company owns an asset, either spare or not in much use, it can be used to generate fund through a sale and leaseback agreement. The board has to decide over the matter keeping in view the desired outcomes.

Relationship Between Sexuality And Identity - 2496 Words

Discuss the relationship between sexuality and identity in Fun home. This essay will be examining the relationship between sexuality and identity in the book, Fun Home (2006) by Alison Bechdel. Bechdel’s memoir Fun Home explores the way gender and sexual identity play important roles in the world. It frames the discovery that Bechdel when she was a young girl realised she was a lesbian, whilst at the same time finding out that her father is also homosexual and had been sexually active with males throughout his marriage to her mother, destroying their relationship. Through the use of visual comic pictures and writing, the books central themes challenge cultural norms of sexual and gender identity. It questions how associated a daughters open lesbian identity is with her fathers closeted gay one. Bechdel s sexual discovery throughout the book, is always linked to her father Bruces sexual identity and it is possible to say that it had an effect on her own sexuality. She provides the reader with a sample of the identity struggle both her and her father suffered with to illustrate the experience they both had. The images within the text give only a small amount of information, where as the text is the most important element. This essay will explore whether sexuality and identity can be seperated, or whether your sexuality frames who you are with reference to Watson (2008), Freud (1920) and Fantasia (2011), whilst giving an analytical view at the text Fun home. QueerShow MoreRelatedSexuality As A Social Construct1486 Words   |  6 PagesHannah St. Lifer Sexuality as a Social Construct Heternormativity is the idea that there exist two distinctive classifications of the genders, males and females, with customary roles in society. The idea asserts that heterosexuality is the only normal sexual orientation of people and that all sexual and marital relations must abide by this norm. 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My Teaching Philosophy Essay - 783 Words

There are many skills and attributes that one must possess to be an outstanding educator. To be an outstanding teacher one must seek growth in their students, challenging them to push themselves past what they already know with confidence. Giving students encouragement when they feel discouraged about the objective at hand is vital in the classroom. Although these are just two of the many important attributes a teacher must possess I would like to talk to you further about the skills of an effective teacher. In the following paragraphs you learn about the three most important skills that I believe are essential in a classroom; classroom management, students engaged in cooperative learning, and the implementation of the Multiple†¦show more content†¦With the mastery of classroom management an educator can effectively run an engaging classroom for their students to hone their skills; consequently allowing for cooperative learning. This leads to the next quality a teacher must possess that I feel is important for student growth; cooperative learning. In the growing global society of the 21st century we must prepare our students for a team oriented approach to learning. Cooperative learning allows the development of many different skills in the classroom. As many educators know every student is at different intellectual levels when they enter their classrooms. Cooperative learning allows small groups of students with different abilities to learn from their peers. Through teamwork students learn to appropriately commend others when a task is accomplished. Although, students will be working together for a common goal, each individual student will be responsible for their own work. There are several positive outcomes for students through the use of cooperative learning. In particular, it promotes positive interaction between members of different cultures and socio-economic groups. 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Quality Libraries Produce Quality Learners †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Quality Libraries Produce Quality Learners. Answer: Introduction: It goes without say that libraries have form part of the strong pillars in learning institutions as far as learning is concerned(Nelson, 2010) and (Small, 2009). It has been hypothesized that the performance in learning institutions which have got libraries is better compared to performance of students in learning institutions without libraries (Barac, 2012) and (Hamilton-Pennell, 2000). Various researches including one conducted by (Todd, 2003) confirm this. This study was conducted in Ohio, U.S.A. This hypothesis has led to a trend whereby students tend to seek admission to institutions where library services are available (Fitzgibbons, 2000) and (Kaye, 2000). To add on, institutions which lack libraries are considered to have not satisfied all laws governing establishment of learning institutions in most nations of the world. Even as various studies acclaim that the facilities have contributed to the improvement quality of education, this short study sought to establish whether th e facilities are that so important in learning institutions (Ullah, 2008) and (Lance, 2002). Already the study done in Ohio, USA by (Todd, 2003) shows that 53% of the students interviewed confirmed that the facility is so important and that they have been able to gain much help especially in their research projects while 12% of the students said the library had not helped them in any way. The population of this study consisted of all students in Holmes College who were undertaking various degree programs in the institution. Though there are other programs such as diploma and certificate programs, the study concentrated on degree students as it is common that it is at this level that students undertake their various researches projects and therefore need the library most. Due to the afore mentioned reason, the study went ahead to concentrate of the final year students only because it is at his stage that the students are busy undertaking serious research on their projects and therefore would appreciate the importance of the library. The questionnaire consisted both qualitative and quantitative aspects. Qualitative aspect of the questionnaire sought to get students opinions, ideas and thoughts. For example one questioned asked whether they were satisfied with library services. Quantitative aspect sought to get numerical answers to the questions asked. For example, the number of times a student visited the library in a week. The questionnaire was majorly closed-ended as the respondents were restricted to the answer choices that were in the questionnaire. This study employed both probability and non-probability sampling in selection of respondents. Purposive sampling was used to ensure that only the final year students were selected. In this case a student was approached and asked whether he or she was a final year student. After getting a pool of final year students, the study then used simple random sampling to select a sample of students that were required to take part in the study. The data collected in this research comprised of both numerical and categorical. The first question in the questionnaire sought to establish the gender of the participant hence the variable gender. Since the answers to the question of gender were either female or male, it can be conformed that the variable was categorical. What the students go to do in the library reason was another categorical variable. Some of the reasons were to study, just borrowing a book or doing research. Another categorical variable was satisfaction. This variable was generated by the question, are you satisfied with the services provided at the library? The variable measured the degree of satisfaction from very dissatisfied to very satisfied. The fourth categorical variable was frequency of visiting the library website. It measured the frequency from the first visit to several times a month. These are just a few categorical variables among others which can be seen from the attached questionnaire at the appen dix. The numerical variables in this study were the number of times a student had visited the library in the past one week. With this variable the study would be able to establish the how busy the library is within a week. The second numerical variable time was created by the question, what is time do you consider best for visiting the library? The choices ran from 0800 hours to 1700 hours. This question sought to find the time when the library is being used most and the time it is being used less. The last numerical variable in this study was age of the students who were visiting the library. Table of the number of visits categorized by gender No Of Visit Gender Frequency Percent Percent Cumulative Percent F 1 8 57.1 57.1 57.1 2 2 14.3 14.3 71.4 4 2 14.3 14.3 85.7 10 2 14.3 14.3 100.0 Total 14 100.0 100.0 M 2 4 25.0 25.0 25.0 8 2 12.5 12.5 37.5 10 4 25.0 25.0 62.5 16 2 12.5 12.5 75.0 20 2 12.5 12.5 87.5 45 2 12.5 12.5 100.0 Total 16 100.0 100.0 Table 1 above is a summary table of the number of visits to the library by the respondents categorized by gender. From the results it can be said that the females visited the library so many number of times in a week than their counterparts males. Number of visits by age and gender It can be observed that the female students have got an average age of 21.57 years compared to the male students who had an average age of 19.4 years. The highest number of female students had the age of 19 years which is illustrated by the value of the mode. Among all the female students, the youngest was 18 years old while the oldest 35 years illustrated by the value of maximum and minimum from the summary statistics. The highest number of the male student was 19 years. The youngest and the oldest male student were 18 and 21years old respectively. The library was visited once by many females compared to their male counterparts. This is confirmed by the mode value which is 1. On the other hand the library was visited twice by males compared to females. Summary table of reason of visit by gender Reason of visit Gender Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent F Borrow a book 4 28.6 28.6 28.6 Other 2 14.3 14.3 42.9 Research 6 42.9 42.9 85.7 Study 2 14.3 14.3 100.0 Total 14 100.0 100.0 M Borrow a book 2 12.5 12.5 12.5 Other 2 12.5 12.5 25.0 Research 2 12.5 12.5 37.5 Study 10 62.5 62.5 100.0 Total 16 100.0 100.0 According to the summary table above majority of the female students frequent the library for the purpose of conducting research. They were 42.9% in proportion. The male students on the other hand majorly went to study. 62.5% of the males confirmed. From the results above it can be concluded that among the females, the library was less popular for studying or doing any other business. Among the males, the library was less popular place for doing research or borrowing a book. In summary, it can be said that the main reasons as to why students frequent the library is to study and do research. Majority of the students are satisfied with the services they are getting from the library. This is shown by 11 students who said that they are satisfied and very satisfied. It can therefore be concluded that all the students were satisfied with the services offered at the school library. This is because no student gave a negative response regarding the services offered at the library. From the figure above, it can be observed that many students among those interviewed visited the library website for more information several times a week. This is followed by those who visit the website once a month. Only one student confirmed to be visiting the library website on a daily basis. Similarly only one student testified to be visiting the library for the first time then. A cross tabulation presence of materials and satisfaction What do you do there? * How satisfied are you? Cross tabulation Count How satisfied are you? Total very satisfied satisfied slightly satisfied What do you do there? research 2 4 2 8 study 2 6 4 12 borrow book 2 2 2 6 other 4 0 0 4 Total 10 12 8 30 The table, 4, above shows a cross- tabulation of what the student went to do and whether they were satisfied. Among all the reasons, those who go to the library to study were the most compared to the other numbers and reasons. This is represented by a total number of six out of fifteen. Students went to the library the least number of times for other reasons apart from research, study and borrowing a book. Confidence interval for mean number of times a student visited the library in a week. Calculating the 95% confidence interval for mean number of times a student visited the library in a week, we must have variance, mean and total number of students. From the SPSS calculation, the values of mean, variance and total number are as in the table below (Morey, 2015); Conclusion From the study findings above, various conclusions can be drawn. It can be concluded that majority of the students find the library resourceful. This is confirmed by the number of students who recorded their satisfaction about the library services they were receiving. The number of times the students visited the library in a week and the number of times they visited the library website is a clear testimony that the library is an important and integral part of learning. It can also be said that most students in the institution like visiting the library during afternoon hours. There are three sessions, the morning session, the afternoon session and the evening session. This could be attributed to the fact that in the morning students are attending lectures while in the evening most of them are tired and are probably relaxing waiting for the following day. The institutions library website is also very important to the students. Students who are not able to present themselves physically to the library are able to log on the librarys website to seek more information and get various online services. This research study has revealed that the main reasons why students visit the library is for them to study and do research. There are other reasons but the afore mentioned reasons are why students visit the library. References Barac, L. (2012). Full time school librarians linked to higher student reading scores. Fitzgibbons, S. (2000). School and Public Library Relationships: Essential Ingredients in Implementing Educational Reforms and Improving Student Learning. Hamilton-Pennell, C. (2000). How School Librarians Help Kids Achieve Standards: The Second Colorado Study. Hoekstra, R. (2014). Robust misinterpretation of Confidence Intervals. Kaye, J. (2000). The Greying of the Teacher Librarian, ALIA conference. Lance, K. C. (2002). What Research Tells Us About the Importance of School Libraries, presented at the White House Conference on School Libraries,. Morey, D. (2015). Fallacy of placing confidence in Confidence Intervals. Nelson, J. (2010). Library staffing benefit Latino student achievement. CSLA JOURNAL. Pav, K. (2010). Overlapping Confidence Interval. Small, R. V. (2009). The impacts of New York's school libraries on student achievement and motivation. Todd, R. J. (2009). School libraries, Now more than ever. Ullah, S. Z. (2008). Quality libraries produce quality learners. Journal of quality and technology management.

Salaam Bombay Essays (1114 words) - Indian Films, Films,

Salaam Bombay Salaam Bombay! Moiz Bhinderwala Westford, MA Title: Salaam Bombay! Director: Mira Nair Give a brief description of the main characters: The main characters in this movie are Krishna, his friend Chillum, a prostitute with her small daughter, a pimp, street-kids and a 16-yr old girl. Krishna: Krishna is a twelve year old boy, who is in search for a job so that he can earn enough money to pay his mother in order to return to his family. He is left behind by a travelling circus where he works. Left with no other option Krishna decides to head to a big city in search for a job. He heads to Bombay, a big metropolitan city in India. He finds a job at a tea-shop as a tea-delivery boy. Apparently this tea-shop is located near a prostitution area of the city, which Krishna has to frequent to deliver the tea. There he comes across various people, such as a prostitute who has a small daughter, a 16-yr old girl who has been forcefully dragged into this profession, and these people then slowly become a part of his life in the city. Krishna's experiences in the city, his ability to withstand the tough life in the city, his generosity towards his friend, the conflicts that take place, all create interesting ?bends? in this movie. The plight of abandoned street children in Bomb ay is examined through the life of Krishna works hard to overcome his conditions only to find there is no way out! Chillum: Chillum like Krishna had ran away from his home in the village at a very young age and came to Bombay. Chillum is a drug addict and works for a pimp in the prostitution area. Chillum and Krishna slowly develop a close-knit friendship as both can identify with each other's lives. When Chillum loses his job, and can't any more, becomes dependent on Krishna for expenses on drugs. He dies soon of drug abuse. In a way, through Chillum this movie portrays how drugs have affected life of the poor street-kids of Bombay, how they are mistreated and abused by people who take advantage of them because of their vulnerability. The prostitute with her daughter: This is yet another result of human desire that plagues human society- prostitution. As sad as it is, prostitution in cities like Bombay is a big business. Most girls who become prostitutes, don't do so by choice, they are forced into it. Most of these girls are from small towns and villages, who are brought to cities with big promises and then dumped into such areas. The story of the prostitute in the movie is no different. The word prostitute doesn't seem apt for this lady, who shows such compassion and love. It is a very sad situation that she is in, like many other prostitutes in cities like Bombay. Through her daughter the movie portrays the life of many such kids, who are abused and neglected by a parent, in her case, Baba. Her mother however is very loving and cares for her, she doesn't want her daughter to end up in the same profession as her. She is the world to her mother. Baba (the pimp): The pimp who calls himself Baba (respected master) is a dark character in this movie. He is the father of the prostitute's daughter. He apparently is also a drug dealer who employs people like Chillum to distribute drugs around the city. He lives off the money that the prostitute earns. He had promised her that he will someday free her from this profession, but that was just a promise that he never lives up to. Street-Kids: The street-kids portrayed in the movie, although are seemingly very mean and nasty, they are a victim of the vicious circle of poverty that exists in big cities like Bombay. many such kids run away from their homes in small towns and villages in search of a better life or jobs and the attraction of cities like Bombay, which is a center of the Indian film-industry leads them there. This vicious circle makes them do crimes like robbery, gambling and drug abuse. Source of Conflict: Salaam Bombay! is the story of Krishna, a 12-year old